PENGGUNAAN ITIBAR DALAM KRITIK MATAN UNTUK MENGUNGKAP PELAKU PERUBAHAN MATAN HADIS
Abstract
Abstrak
Keakuratan matan dapat mempengaruhi keakuratan pemahaman hadis tapi tak banyak artikel mengkaji hal tersebut. Artikel ini akan membahasnya dari sudut pandang kepemilikan riwayat. Penulis berusaha membuktikan bahwa kritik matan tidak sekedar mempertentangkan suatu hadis dengan dalil lain. Kritik matan juga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi pelaku perubahan lafal matan. Oleh karena itu, artikel menghadirkan bentuk kritik matan ulama salaf yang mencapai level tersebut. Kemudian artikel ini menggagas penggunaan tabel untuk mengidentifikasi rawi pengubah lafal matan. Dari kajian pustaka, diketahui bahwa ulama salaf telah mampu mengidentifikasi rawi yang melakukan perubahan pada matan. Kajian musthalah hadits juga menunjukkan beberapa kaidah ilmu matan untuk melakukannya. Hanya saja, belum ada insumen penelitian yang didesain untuk hal ini. Juynboll pernah mencontohkan tabel kritik matan tapi tabelnya tidak mengakomodir konsep ilmu matan dalam musthalah hadits. Oleh karenanya, artikel ini mengembangkan tabel Juynboll menjadi dua instrumen penelitian untuk menganalisa kemasyhuran matan, illat pada matan, jenis riwayatnya, dan rawi yang menyebabkan perubahan lafal matan.
Abstract
Matn accuracy can affect the accuracy of understanding of hadith but not many articles examine this. This article will discuss it from the point of view of riwaya ownership. The author tries to prove that the matn criticism is not just contradicting a hadith with other arguments. Matn criticism can also be used to detect the perpetrators of changes in matan. Therefore, the article presents a form of criticism from the salaf scholars who have reached that level. Then this article initiated the use of tables to identify the matan modifier. From the literature review, it is known that the salaf scholars have been able to identify the narrators who make changes to the matan. The study of musthalah hadith also shows some rules of matan criticism for that purpose. However, there is no research instrument designed for this. Juynboll once made a table of matn criticism but the table does not accommodate the concept of matn criticism from musthalah hadith. Therefore, this article develops Juynboll's table into two research instruments to analyze the fame of matn, illat in matn, types of riwaya, and the narrators who cause changes in the matn.
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