THE LEGITIMIZING POWER OF HADITH IN ANTI-MAULID DISCOURSE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SALAFI IDEOLOGY ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Nur Maulidya Wardatur Rohmah, Mukhammad Zamzami, Wael Hegazy, Muhammad Lutfi

Abstract

This article critically examines the use of hadith in constructing the anti-Maulid narrative concerning the celebration of the Prophet’s Birthday disseminated through the Instagram account @foto.video.islam, using Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as an analytical lens. The study focuses on how Salafi ideology is articulated and propagated through religious discourse in the digital sphere. The research problem addresses how hadiths are selectively cited to delegitimize the celebration of the Prophet’s Birthday while undermining the authority of scholars who support it. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure of the discourse produced by the account. The findings demonstrate that the use of hadith functions as a tool of ideological legitimation, consolidating Salafi authority within the digital space and marginalizing alternative perspectives in the broader landscape of Islamic intellectual traditions. This strategy is not merely textual or jurisprudential but reflects complex ideological operations that shape perceptions and religious orientations in contemporary digital public spheres. The study also highlights the importance of critical awareness regarding the politicization of religious texts and underscores the need for ethical dialogue and mutual respect across theological differences, ensuring that sectarian divergences do not become sources of social conflict or hierarchical domination. Overall, the research shows that digital anti-Maulid discourse mobilizes hadith as a means to construct and maintain religious authority, while emphasizing the broader implications for critical engagement and responsible communication in diverse Islamic communities.[Artikel ini secara kritis menelaah penggunaan hadis dalam konstruksi narasi anti-Maulid mengenai perayaan Maulid Nabi yang disebarkan melalui akun Instagram @foto.video.islam, dengan menggunakan lensa Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada bagaimana ideologi Salafi diartikulasikan dan dipropagandakan melalui wacana keagamaan di ruang digital. Masalah yang diteliti adalah bagaimana hadis dipilih dan disajikan secara selektif untuk mendiskreditkan perayaan Maulid serta meremehkan otoritas ulama yang mendukungnya. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dan menganalisis struktur makro, superstruktur, dan mikro dari wacana yang dihasilkan akun tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan hadis oleh akun ini berfungsi sebagai alat legitimasi ideologis, memperkuat posisi Salafi dalam ranah digital, dan memarginalkan perspektif lain dalam tradisi intelektual Islam. Strategi ini tidak hanya bersifat tekstual atau yuridis, tetapi juga mencerminkan operasi ideologis kompleks yang membentuk persepsi dan orientasi keagamaan dalam masyarakat digital kontemporer. Penelitian ini juga menekankan pentingnya kesadaran kritis terhadap politisasi teks agama dan perlunya menjaga etika dialog serta saling menghormati antarmazhab, sehingga perbedaan teologis tidak menjadi sumber dominasi atau konflik sosial. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wacana anti-Maulid digital memobilisasi hadis sebagai sarana konstruksi dan pemeliharaan otoritas keagamaan, sekaligus menyoroti implikasi yang lebih luas terkait keterlibatan kritis dan komunikasi yang bertanggung jawab dalam komunitas Islam yang beragam.]

Keywords

Salafi ideology, Hadīth, Critical Discourse Analysis, Social Media, Maulid (Prophet’s Birthday).

Full Text:

PDF

References

Asʿad, Muhammad. “Salafi’s Criticism on the Celebration of the Birthday of Prophet Muhammad.” Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 353–79. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2019.9.2.353-379.

Aslamiah, Rabiatul. “Hadis Maudhu dan Akibatnya.” Al-Hiwar: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknik Dakwah 4, no. 6 (April 21, 2017). https://doi.org/10.18592/al-hiwar.v4i6.1214.

Auliya’, Muhammad Fariq. “Fenomena Salafi Wahabi di Media Sosial: Studi tentang Respons K.H. Ma’ruf Khozin terhadap Akidah Kelompok Salafi Wahabi Perspektif Teori Framing Robert N. Entman.” Undergraduate thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2022. http://digilib.uinsa.ac.id/58052/.

Azah, Dzaki Nur, and St Nurhayati. “Menggali Kontroversi Bid‘ah dalam Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW.” Komprehensif 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2024): 495–502.

Bakrī, Abī Bakr al-. Ḥāshiyah Iʿānah al-Ṭālibīn ʿalā Sharḥ Fatḥ al-Muʿīn. Vol. 3. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr, 1996.

Chairun Nisak, Cut Lusi, and Tuthi’ Mazidar Rohmah. “Dinamika Konflik Antar Wahabi dan Aswaja di Aceh.” SINTHOP: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22373/sinthop.v2i1.2774.

Dijk, Teun A. van. Discourse as Structure and Process. New York: SAGE, 1997.

———. “Discourse Semantics and Ideology.” Discourse & Society 6, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 243–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926595006002006.

———. “Discourse Studies and Hermeneutics.” Discourse Studies 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 609–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611412762.

———. Macrostructures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Global Structures in Discourse, Interaction, and Cognition. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429025532.

Febriansyah, Denny, and Dawoud Sudqi El-Alami. “Moderate Islam Vis-a-Vis Salafism in Indonesia: An Ideological Competition.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 29, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 55–78. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.29.1.7212.

Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Vol. 4. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.

Jahroni, Jajang. “Ritual, Bid‘ah, and the Negotiation of the Public Sphere in Contemporary Indonesia.” Studia Islamika 25, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v25i1.5308.

Krisnawati, Rindang. “5 Hadits dan Ayat al-Qur’an tentang Maulid Nabi.” Accessed November 13, 2024. https://www.detik.com/hikmah/khazanah/d-6949633/5-hadits-dan-ayat-al-quran-tentang-maulid-nabi.

Majid, Abdul, Mahdalena Nasrun, Novizal Wendry, Ruslan Sangaji, and Abdul Hakim. “Salafi, Hadith, and Islamic Law: Identity Politics and Wahabi Movement in East Kalimantan.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 23, no. 1 (June 22, 2023). https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/ahkam/article/view/32139.

Muary, Rholand, Neila Susanti, and Puteri Atikah. “Salafis and Social Media: The Emergence of Islamic Populism in Indonesia.” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2025): 151–70. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2024.182-02.

NU Online Jatim. “Inilah Dalil Perayaan Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW.” Accessed November 13, 2024. https://jatim.nu.or.id/keislaman/inilah-dalil-perayaan-maulid-nabi-muhammad-saw-ydww4.

Owaisi, Fakhruddin Ahmed. “A Critique of Contemporary Puritan/Salafi Discourse on the Issue of the Mawlid and Its Classification as Bid‘ah.” University of Cape Town, 2005.

Payuyasa, I. Nyoman. “Analisis Wacana Kritis Model van Dijk dalam Program Acara Mata Najwa di Metro TV.” Segara Widya: Jurnal Penelitian Seni 5 (October 24, 2017). https://doi.org/10.31091/sw.v5i0.188.

al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq al-. al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿah. Kairo: Maktabah al-Tujjāriyyah, 1920.

al-Suyūṭī. Ḥusn al-Maqāṣid fī ʿAmal al-Maulid. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2004.

Ulum, Raudatul. “Salafi-Wahabi vs NU (Pertentangan Keberadaan STAI Ali Bin Abi Thalib di Semampir Surabaya).” Harmoni 15, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 68–78.

van Dijk, Teun Andrianus. Text and Context: Explorations in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. New York: Longman House, 1977. http://archive.org/details/TeunAVanDijkTextAndContext.

Waskito, A.M. Pro dan Kontra Maulid Nabi. Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2014.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.